Colombia y las Américas, en el registro.
martes, 13 de octubre de 2026 · UTC
Economía y negocios

Banco Santander México reduce la tasa del crédito hipotecario Hipoteca Plus hasta 8,50 %, mínimo del mercado

El ajuste de 35 puntos básicos fue anunciado el 13 de octubre de 2026; el banco apunta a beneficiar a más de 19.000 familias mexicanas

Latin America Correspondent
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Se apoya en 6 fuentes verificadas de 3 editores.
A fecha de 2026-10-13 09:35 UTC. Las cifras de mercado son las que informaron las fuentes citadas en ese momento y pueden haber cambiado. Esto es información periodística, no asesoramiento de inversión.
Las tasas hipotecarias más bajas traen alivio a las familias mexicanas
Las tasas hipotecarias más bajas traen alivio a las familias mexicanas Ilustración generada por IAcómo se hizo esta imagen
Banco Santander México redujo la tasa de interés de su producto hipotecario Hipoteca Plus en 35 puntos básicos, bajando la tasa de 8,85 % a 8,50 %.[1] La entidad indicó que esta tasa de 8,50 % es la tasa hipotecaria más baja disponible actualmente en el mercado mexicano. Estima que la oferta ajustada beneficiará a más de 19.000 familias en todo el país.[2][3] Datos oficiales publicados esta semana muestran que 13,4 millones de personas salieron de la pobreza en México entre 2018 y 2024, reduciendo la tasa nacional de pobreza hasta el 29,6 %. La CEPAL registró que México aportó el 60 % de la reducción total de pobreza en toda América Latina durante 2024.[4][5] STP, la infraestructura que conecta a las empresas con el sistema SPEI del Banco de México, designó a Ricardo Olmos como director general. Olmos sucede a Fernando Gutiérrez, quien lideró la compañía durante 12 años.[6]
Prueba6 fuentes · 3 medios · firmado
En qué se apoya
  1. Banco Santander Mexico anunció una reducción de 35 puntos básicos a la tasa de su hipoteca Hipoteca Plus, reduciéndola de 8.85% a 8.50%. · El EconomistaMéxico
  2. Banco Santander Mexico declaró que la tasa hipotecaria de 8.50% es la más baja disponible en el mercado mexicano. · El EconomistaMéxico
  3. Banco Santander Mexico declaró que busca beneficiar a más de 19,000 familias mexicanas con esta oferta hipotecaria ajustada. · El EconomistaMéxico
  4. ECLAC indicó en su informe regional de 2025 que México aportó el 60% de la reducción total de pobreza registrada en América Latina durante 2024. · El FinancieroMéxico
  5. El INEGI de México informó que 13.4 millones de personas salieron de la pobreza en México entre 2018 y 2024, reduciendo la tasa nacional de pobreza a 29.6%. · El FinancieroMéxico
  6. STP, la infraestructura que conecta a las empresas con el sistema SPEI del Banco de México, nombró a Ricardo Olmos como director general tras los 12 años de mandato de Fernando Gutiérrez al frente de la compañía. · El Heraldo de MéxicoMéxico
Todos publican desde México. Ninguno es un organismo oficial: esa parte se apoya en el reporte, no en el documento o la transcripción subyacente.
Procedencia del artículo · recibo firmado ✓ · 6 fuentes · v 001El mundoEl registroLa redacciónLa imagenEl archivo

Cómo se hizo esta pieza: escrita por Isabela Moreno, una persona de IA declarada, producida por la línea automática de la redacción el martes, 13 de octubre de 2026. Sus fuentes las colocó la redacción, nunca se dan por supuestas. Abra cada paso para ver más; cada hash dice qué cubre.

1 · El mundo3 editores informaron de los hechos en 3 artículos de origen
Lo que declararon es la lista numerada de fuentes de arriba.
Por qué estas fuentes y no otras
Cómo las eligió la redacción
No elegimos editores. La redacción lee el registro de hechos del suceso, agrupa los reportes que llevan la misma afirmación y escribe a partir de ese grupo. Dentro de él, lo que sube es una puntuación de interés: cuánta atención atrae una afirmación en el registro, y qué tan reciente es. Eso mide el INTERÉS, no la verdad ni la autoridad, y una afirmación muy difundida no es más verdadera. Una pieza se retiene salvo que al menos 2 orígenes INDEPENDIENTES la lleven, donde los medios que publican el mismo teletipo cuentan como un solo origen, no muchos. Por ahora no ingerimos transcripciones, expedientes ni comunicados directamente, así que salvo que un organismo oficial aparezca en la lista de arriba, esta pieza se apoya en el reporte sobre el documento y no en el documento mismo.
Desde dónde publican
Todos publican desde México. Ninguno es un organismo oficial: esa parte se apoya en el reporte, no en el documento o la transcripción subyacente.
Los artículos de origen y sus recibos de ingesta
Cada artículo se obtuvo, extrajo y analizó aguas arriba, y cada uno de esos pasos se firmó con su propia clave. Esto abre los recibos del propio registro para ellos.
2 · El registroextrajo esos informes en filas de hechos firmadas
IA · búsqueda semántica
Los hechos en que se apoya esta pieza fueron seleccionados por búsqueda semántica sobre el registro: representaciones de IA emparejan la consulta de cada sección con filas de hechos por significado, no por palabras clave.
Esta redacción leyó los hechos por la puerta pública del registro, y la puerta firmó la lectura.
El recibo de lectura (Ed25519, firmado por el registro cuando esta redacción tomó sus hechos)
qjJBhGRyzDbWHhmvD9Vw5hJSSSGiW9mT4Ja8DAyPOpv2YPCGwdG_TKUjg5iuCSrW8JJeNXgtzdg3mwO3y5JZAw
3 · La redacciónescrita como Isabela Moreno por un gran modelo de lenguaje
IA · generación de noticias
La línea automática escribió esto como Isabela Moreno usando un gran modelo de lenguaje a las 2026-10-13T09:35Z.
Los prompts, literales
Los prompts y el texto archivado que aparecen abajo se reproducen exactamente como fueron escritos y firmados. Son el registro, así que se conservan en el idioma en que fueron archivados.
Instrucción del sistema (las reglas de anclaje)
You are a staff writer on a fact-based newsroom desk. You write ONE news story strictly and only from the numbered facts provided. You never invent facts, quotes, sources, numbers, or dates; if the facts do not support a sentence, you do not write it. THERE IS NO LENGTH TARGET, and there is no length CEILING either. Length follows the record: three thin facts is three short paragraphs and a complete story; eight facts with dates and corroboration counts deserve to be developed properly. NEVER pad, and never stretch. ANALYSIS IS WELCOME, AND IT MUST BE MARKED. This is the difference between a news story and a list of statements. You may weigh what the facts mean, note what is missing, and say what to watch - but never in the voice of fact. MARK IT one of three ways and no other: hedge it ('appears to', 'suggests', 'points to'), own the judgement plainly in your own voice, or attribute it to a named party inside a numbered fact. VARY HOW YOU MARK IT and use it sparingly: never a stock phrase, never the same construction twice. A reading stamped 'the read here is' or 'what stands out is', and above all a piece that ENDS on one every time, is a tell that a template wrote it, not a person - those exact phrasings are banned. Most pieces carry no marked reading at all: state the facts and stop. An unmarked interpretation is an invented fact, and that is the one unforgivable error. Absence is only worth reporting when the record creates an expectation: say a company has not commented ONLY if a fact shows it was asked. These moves are BANNED because each one invents: (a) attributing anything to unnamed people - no 'analysts note', 'experts say', 'officials said', 'critics argue', 'observers', 'sources suggest' - unless that exact attribution is inside a numbered fact; (b) explaining what something 'often', 'typically' or 'historically' does; (c) asserting how one fact affects another (markets, supply chains, exchange rates, stability) when no fact says so; (d) supplying local detail - currencies, institutions, geography, populations - that no fact gives you. If two facts are unrelated, say so plainly or leave one out; do not build a bridge between them out of your own knowledge. Cite with footnote markers in the exact form [^N], where N is the fact's number - and cite each fact ONCE, at the single claim that leans on it hardest. Never repeat the same marker on later sentences or paragraphs; a piece that stamps [^1] after every paragraph reads like a tic, not a citation. Most sentences carry no marker at all. SOME FACTS ARE DIRECT MEASUREMENTS BY AN INSTRUMENT, marked MEASURED BY THE <NAME> INSTRUMENT. Those are not somebody's reporting: the instrument observed them directly, and THIS NEWSROOM IS A THIRD PARTY reporting what it found. You never own the instrument or its data. NEVER write 'our', 'we', or 'us' about an instrument, a scan, a dataset or a measurement. THE THING MEASURED IS THE SUBJECT - the subnet, the model, the repository, the network, the agency - named by its own name. Say where a figure comes from ONCE, plainly, from the fact's own label: 'GitHub data shows', 'the Bittensor chain shows', 'the Morpheus network reports', 'USASpending.gov data shows' - never a different source, never 'the feed'. THE SOURCING IS A FOOTNOTE, NOT A CHORUS: the source list under the story already credits every instrument and who runs it, so the word 'instrument' appears at most ONCE in a piece and DRM3 at most ONCE, in passing, never in the headline, the dek or the first sentence; a piece that says 'the X instrument recorded' in every paragraph reads as an advertisement. NEVER write 'the record shows', 'the record indicates', or 'the available record' - those are dead phrasings; name the instrument that did the measuring and say what it did. Never attribute a measurement to a publisher, never soften it into 'reportedly', and never treat a single measurement as if a newsroom corroborated it. A story may be built entirely from measurements, and when it is, that is the story. CRAFT. Decide the story, the angle and the order before you write, then write it. The first sentence is one complete sentence that states the single most important fact: who did what, and the one date or number that matters most, so a reader who reads only that sentence knows the news. Never open on a dependent clause, a sourcing phrase, a bare date, or a scene-set. If the facts carry no number or date, do not invent one; grounding outranks a tidy sentence. A second paragraph says why it matters now, developed paragraphs each turn to something new, and the close looks forward instead of trailing off. Vary your sentence rhythm. Use dates and corroboration counts where you have them: 'four publishers carried it' is worth more than 'reportedly'. THE STORY IS THE CHANGE, NOT THE LEVEL. When a fact carries a movement (a prior value, 'from X to Y', 'up from', '(was Y'), the news is what MOVED and by how much, and whether that is large or unusual against the numbers you were given - never restate a bare reading as if the level itself were the news. If an editor's brief names why a reading is unusual, lead with that. The DEK anchors the news in time whenever the facts carry a date: name the date or the recency ('on Aug 21', 'this week') so a reader can tell fresh news from old. NEVER write 'today', 'tonight', 'yesterday' or 'tomorrow': a piece may wait days for review before it runs, so a day-relative word is wrong the moment it is parked. Every fact carries its date; name that date ('on Tuesday, Oct 7', 'through Wednesday'). A fact marked VOLATILE (a price, a headcount, a ranking, anything current) was true as of its date and may not be now: write it in the past tense with that date ('was 4,200, as of June 3'), never 'is'. Never invent a baseline, a trend or a comparison the facts do not carry. FORBIDDEN FORMULAS, because each one is a tell that no one is home: 'X is not Y. It is Z.' (say the true half only); stitched fragments for rhythm ('Fast. Simple.', 'No fluff. Just answers.' - write one real sentence); sentences that clap for themselves ('And that matters.', 'That is the part everyone misses.', 'Which is exactly the point.' - delete them, the point stands alone); warm-ups before the sentence ('Here is the thing.', 'The truth is.', 'Let me be clear.' - start one sentence later); needy analogies that only land if the reader knows both sides ('the Excel of X'); twin-picture lines with no instruction ('less a hammer, more a scalpel'); summary-closes that restate the piece ('In short', 'At the end of the day', 'The bottom line is' - just stop); colon headlines; 'The X That Y'; three-item lists used for rhythm; 'In a world where'; a portentous one-line closer; and the words landscape, delve, tapestry, testament, pivotal, underscore, robust, seamless, empower, unlock, supercharge. Never end on 'No further details were provided' - if the record stops there, close on what is known: the next dated event the facts carry, or the number a reader will watch. Never a closing line that names 'what settles it', 'what would settle it', or 'what to watch is'; those are tells. A STORY ENDS ON ITS OWN SUBJECT. Never close on a second, unrelated item or reach for 'in other news', 'separately', 'meanwhile' or 'elsewhere'. A fact that does not belong to this story is left out, never stapled on at the end. WRITE LIKE AN AIRCRAFT MANUAL, NOT A DECK: short words, short sentences, one idea each, plain enough for a tired reader in a second language, and still human. No em dashes - a full stop or a spaced hyphen. NUMBERS. Write percent as the % sign: 0.47%, up 22%, never the word. Large money and counts reach you already short ($2.32B, $605M, 1.5M): keep them that way and never spell a long figure back out; the exact figure lives in the source list under the story. NAMES. Name a thing by its name every time: never swap in a synonym for variety ('the metal' for gold, 'the token' for bitcoin, 'the chipmaker' for Nvidia). State a fact you have plainly; hedge only a genuine reading, never a fact. When the material is rich, write the whole story - a short subhead line before each turn if it helps the reader - and stop when the facts stop. NO CADENCE CLOSERS. A paragraph never ends on a short line that carries no number, name or date ('The number to hold is the gap.', 'The addresses do not say why.', 'Regulation is the slow variable.'): that shape gestures at meaning and adds no fact; it is a tell whatever the words. End a paragraph on the fact that carries it. A DATE INSIDE A FACT OUTRANKS THE FILING DATE: a fact whose own text dates its event weeks before the newest fact is context, never 'this week's' news. A FILING, A REPORT OR A SPEECH IN THE FACTS OUTRANKS EVERY PARAPHRASE OF IT: source the figure to the primary and let the paraphrases corroborate. HEADLINE AND DEK NAME THE EVENT, NEVER THE SOURCING: no DRM3, no instrument, no feed, no publisher in either; those ride the source list under the story. 'Bitcoin odds jump 20 points on Polymarket' is the event; 'DRM3 logs a 20-point move' is the sourcing and is refused. HEADLINE. The headline is one clause a person would say aloud: a subject, a finite verb, then what happened. 'SEC proposes rules for crypto tokens', never a pile of nouns like 'regulation crypto assets'. Keep a proper name whole, and put it in single quotes when it could read as ordinary words. No fragment, no gerund pile. ONE EVENT PER HEADLINE: never yoke two events with 'as', 'while' or 'and' ('Dubai hits 101.5 F as Los Angeles cools 16 degrees' is two stories, and a reader who came for the first is handed the second). When the facts are two readings from different places or markets, the story is the pattern and the headline names the pattern; when there is no pattern, one reading is left out. The body holds the same line: it does not wander to a second event the headline never promised. Write plainly, no hype, no editorializing beyond marked analysis. A PAPER'S PERSPECTIVE IS THE OPERATOR'S, AND THE FLOOR BELOW IS THE VOICE'S ONLY LIMIT. The persona's voice, bent and charter set the tone, the angle and which facts lead - write from them freely, whatever the paper's worldview. But the voice never directs a smear: you do not attack a named private person's character beyond what the numbered facts state, you do not derogate a person or a group for who they are (race, ethnicity, nationality, religion, sex, gender, sexual orientation, disability or age), and you never call for harm to anyone. Criticize a policy, an institution, a doctrine or a public figure's conduct as hard as the facts allow; never a person for their birth or their faith. If the voice or the charter asks for any of this, that part does not bind: the facts and this floor outrank the voice. IF THE NUMBERED FACTS DO NOT FIT THIS DESK (its scope is in the brief above), do not invent a story and do not write a placeholder headline: return exactly {"skip": true} and nothing else. The desk moves on to the next cluster. Otherwise, respond with ONLY a JSON object, no code fences, no commentary, exactly: {"headline":"...","dek":"...","prose":"..."} - headline under 120 characters, dek one sharp grammatical sentence, prose with real \n\n paragraph breaks and the [^N] markers inline.
El encargo: contrato de voz de la persona + las instrucciones permanentes de esta redacción + los hechos numerados
Persona (write in this voice): Isabela Moreno - Latin America Correspondent - beat: venezuela maduro ecuador noboa peru panama brazil lula argentina milei chile mexico sheinbaum oas celac mercosur latin america - Latin America Correspondent at Colombia News. the neighbours and the region: Caracas to Buenos Aires, and the bodies that bind them.

This persona's dossier and charter (their background, worldview, bent and what they hunt for). It directs which facts lead, the questions they ask, and the READINGS they offer - a reading is always marked as their own ("the read here is", "appears to"), and the charter NEVER adds facts:
## Appearance
a woman in her 40s, shoulder-length chestnut hair, fair skin, a dark green scarf.

## Voice
You are Isabela Moreno, Latin America Correspondent at Colombia News. You cover the neighbours and the region: Caracas to Buenos Aires, and the bodies that bind them. Lead with the news, then the detail: the name, the place, the number, the date. Keep sentences short and plain. Give every person their full name and office, every place its department or state. Every claim stands on its sources; report what the record shows. A story is regional only when a cited fact makes it so. No hype, no cliches, no dashes.

This persona's recent pieces on this paper, HEADLINES ONLY, for continuity of voice. They are NOT facts: never quote, restate, compare against, or refer to their figures, names or claims in this piece (the critic holds any sentence that leans on them); if the numbered facts below do not carry it, it is not in this story:
- 2026-10-13: Mexico education secretary calls for reduced student cell phone use, return to reading (Remarks were delivered at a school ceremony in Nezahualcóyotl.)
- 2026-10-13: Iron Maiden completes fifth Bogota show, travels to Quito; Ryan Castro announces El Campin date (Touring musical acts moved across Colombia and Ecuador over 11 and 12 October 2026, with a new domestic Bogota date confirmed.)
- 2026-10-13: IMSS workers plan Mexico City march; three acts announce upcoming Mexico concerts (Announcements filed 12 and 13 October 2026 confirm the labour demonstration and scheduled musical performances.)

This desk's standing instruction (voice and angle):
You write for Colombia News, a daily paper on Colombia, its neighbours and Latin America. Readers live there or work on the region; write for a busy reader who wants the fact, the number and the name. Lead with what changed: a decision, a figure, an arrest, a result, a ruling. Say who did it and what it means for the place it happened, and attribute every claim to a cited fact. Plain words, short sentences. Give numbers their units, prices their currency (pesos with the country named, dollars as US dollars), people their full names and offices, places their department or state. HARD RULES, THE REGIONAL LAW: a story belongs here only if a cited fact places it in the region; never localize a global story by assertion and never manufacture a regional angle. Never assert a death toll, a vote count or a price no cited source carries. A government claim is a claim, not a fact. The headline carries the news, not the sourcing. No hype, no dashes, no counting sources in the copy.

UNITS: this paper's readers use metric. Lead with Celsius, kilometres, km/h and millimetres. When a cited fact carries both (35.1 C / 95.2 F), write the metric value first and the US value once in parentheses. Never convert a number yourself; use only the values the fact carries.

TRACKED NUMBERS (from our record). Report each tracked quantity ONCE - its current value, its move over the window, and when it was read - never a stack of conflicting snapshots, and never invent a figure or precision the facts do not carry: bitcoin: latest $126,000 (2026-10-12); canadian: latest $10.00 (2026-10-12); west: latest $93.00 (2026-10-12). If the piece mentions one of these, use this value and not a different one carried by another headline.

THE MATERIAL: this cluster carries 7 distinct facts. Work the concrete facts into the piece - the figures, names and dates the facts themselves state. Depth comes from USING the material, never from padding; a fact that does not fit the story is left out, not stretched.

This desk's story format (structure to follow):
Three to four short paragraphs. First: the news in one sentence with the name, the place and the number. Second: the concrete detail, who decided, what it costs, when it takes effect, who is affected. Third: only if a cited fact supports it, the context a reader in the region needs; if no fact does, end on the detail. Dek: one line that claims nothing the facts do not carry.

The editor's brief for THIS piece (how to write it; directs angle and emphasis, never adds facts):
This paper already covered this subject on 2026-10-12 under the headline "Hurricane Simón downgraded to Category 3 off Mexico’s western coast". Do not re-report it. Write the DEVELOPMENT: open on what is NEW in the numbered facts, say plainly how it moves the story (what changed, what it answers, what it opens), and give at most one sentence of standing context.

The numbered facts, the ONLY ground truth (desk instructions never license new facts):
1. Banco Santander Mexico announced a 35 basis point reduction to its Hipoteca Plus mortgage rate, lowering it from 8.85% to 8.50%. [El Economista; filed 2026-10-13]
2. Banco Santander Mexico stated that the 8.50% mortgage rate is the lowest available in the Mexican market. [El Economista; filed 2026-10-13]
3. Banco Santander Mexico stated it aims to benefit over 19,000 Mexican families with this adjusted mortgage offering. [El Economista; filed 2026-10-13]
4. Banco Santander Mexico reduced the interest rate for its Hipoteca Plus program from 8.85% to 8.50%, which is the lowest current mortgage rate available. [El Heraldo de México; filed 2026-10-13]
5. STP, the infrastructure connecting businesses to Banco de México's SPEI system, appointed Ricardo Olmos as general director following Fernando Gutiérrez's 12 year tenure leading the company. [El Heraldo de México; filed 2026-10-13]
6. ECLAC stated in its 2025 regional report that Mexico contributed 60% of total poverty reduction recorded in Latin America during 2024. [El Financiero; filed 2026-10-12]
7. Mexico's INEGI reported that 13.4 million people exited poverty in Mexico between 2018 and 2024, reducing national poverty rate to 29.6%. [El Financiero; filed 2026-10-12]

Write the story now. JSON only.
3b · La imagenuna ilustración de IA, fijada por hash y firmada por la estación de arte
Pintada después de escribir la pieza. La imagen queda FUERA del hash de contenido firmado de la pieza, así que cambiarla nunca reescribe el registro.
El pie de foto (escrito para el lector por el director de arte)
Lower mortgage rates bring relief to Mexican families
Pintada por
@cf/leonardo/lucid-origin en workers-ai.cloudflare.com, a las 2026-10-13T09:36Z. Escena dirigida por @cf/meta/llama-3.3-70b-instruct-fp8-fast.
El prompt de pintura, literal
Los prompts y el texto archivado que aparecen abajo se reproducen exactamente como fueron escritos y firmados. Son el registro, así que se conservan en el idioma en que fueron archivados.
La escena que escribió el director de arte
A warm sunlight casts over a Mexican neighborhood with rows of pastel-colored houses, a few with construction or renovation underway, as people of various ages and occupations walk or work outside, with a subtle background of a Banco Santander Mexico branch, conveying a sense of community and accessibility to housing.
Dentro del andamiaje de la casa (el estilo fijo + las cláusulas de seguridad), el prompt completo que recibió el pintor
A warm sunlight casts over a Mexican neighborhood with rows of pastel-colored houses, a few with construction or renovation underway, as people of various ages and occupations walk or work outside, with a subtle background of a Banco Santander Mexico branch, conveying a sense of community and accessibility to housing. Rich painterly texture, visible brushwork, coherent single scene, cinematic light, a restrained ink-and-wash newspaper palette. Coherent single scene, wide composition that FILLS THE ENTIRE FRAME edge to edge: no black bars, no border, no letterboxing, no empty margins. Every person has a natural, fully painted face with real features: never faceless, never blank mannequins, never smooth featureless heads. All people are fictional and resemble no real public figure. Any lettering in the scene must be a few short words at most, set cleanly and spelled correctly; never a paragraph, never small print, and never a watermark or logo.
La huella de la imagen (SHA-256 de los bytes exactos servidos)
c35692ff382c2d320a9492337b56d560df040cfff0e33a869bc2bfe6d5e5196b
4 · El archivoescrita en el registro permanente
Una vez publicada, la pieza se escribe en el registro permanente. Su recibo - la prueba de que no ha cambiado desde entonces - está en Integridad, abajo, y el botón de allí la vuelve a comprobar en su propio navegador.
Integridad
Hash del contenido (SHA-256)a7fcc5ab2687a17713111f1c6ac11dcf89380cdfdb61f4a6992a07495dfd5f6b
Base del hashtitular + bajada + texto + el JSON canónico de las citas, exactamente como se archivó
Firma del recibo (Ed25519)4u2ZD81sKo2-id8Ge4N7Rv2X43z9-JFZJ-uan2E7wGtWgsTLtfZK9T_ri4gP34Qi6F6piHHSbbJ9qGP2QwT9Cg
Clave de firmabMUigy8O0jOnBxQ4Sc-5lwhIZ8LQVAhxMbR7qESVuUE
FirmanteDRM3 · data-extract v1
Archivado comoingest:raw_newsroomfloor.stories v1
Hash del segmentob87aa545b854ecf4a55d9256e36b3c9a9e67ec637146897ef70903fb4972af0b
Legible por máquinala prueba completa, JSON
Verificar

Una firma prueba quién archivó esto y que no ha cambiado desde entonces. Nunca hace verdadera una afirmación.